巨尾桉扦插育苗技术研究

采用不同母株年龄的穗条、不同类型的插条、不同基质配比及不同浓度生根剂进行巨尾桉扦插育苗试验。结果表明:巨尾桉插条随母株年龄增大其生根率和生长量下降;嫩枝扦插生根率高、平均根数多、生长快;用珍珠岩和红土等量均匀混合的基质扦插效果好;用质量分数为50×10-6~200×10-6浓度的IBA浸泡2 h,能较大幅度提高扦插成活率。     

马尾松造纸材种源选择

在南、中、北亚热带地区三片九年生马尾松种源试验林中(广西南宁、江西安福、浙江鄞县),采集9个代表性种源试样,测试28项包括木材构造、物理和化学的性状,进行种源间比较选择,结果是:①经试验点内及多点方差分析,各性状种源间差异远大于种源内个体间差异,且种源与试验点间存在互作。②主要造纸经济性状(管胞宽、长宽比、双壁厚、腔径和壁腔比等)遗传力估值均大于0.6,受强度的遗传控制。③材性与生长性状间相关分析表明,在马尾松速生地区作高、径性状的正向选择会导致种源或个体的管胞长宽比、晚材率和壁腔比下降,管胞宽度及腔径增大,这为间接选择提供依据。④取与造纸性能关系紧密的11项木材性状,综合选择出高州、宁明、吉安和德江等优良种源。     

24种白三叶种质材料在长沙的适应性研究

本文对来自不同地区的24种白三叶种质材料进行对比研究,调查不同种质材料在长沙2013年夏季旱灾后的恢复情况和2014年“倒春寒”后各种质材料的存活及返青情况。结果表明,植株高度和匍匐茎长短与白三叶耐旱情况成正比,而干旱后返青速度越快的白三叶材料,遇到寒冷时死亡速度越慢。同时从中选出了三类适合于华中地区种植的材料类型,第一类为既耐旱又耐寒的02485和海发,第二类为较耐旱不耐寒,但返青速度快的02478、00858、CF022549和00605,第三类为不耐旱但耐寒、返青速度快的百事吉、和谐、贵州大方和02587。     

玛咖不同颜色种子表型性状及活力特性分析

比较分析棕黄色、棕红色和黑色3种颜色玛咖种子的大小、萌发特性、幼苗生长特性和酶活力,探讨3种颜色玛咖种子的表型性状及其与种子活力之间的相关性。结果表明,棕黄色和黑色种子的长、厚、厚宽比、千粒质量、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗苗长、根长、单株鲜质量和干质量、POD活性、脱氢酶活性等性状之间无显著差异,但均显著高于棕红色种子(P<0.05);棕黄色和黑色种子的新鲜不发芽种子数、死种子数和不正常幼苗数均显著低于棕红色种子(P<0.05)。不同颜色玛咖种子的千粒质量与种子的长、厚存在显著正相关(P<0.05),种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均与千粒质量、POD和脱氢酶呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。说明棕黄色和黑色种子活力高于棕红色种子,萌发能力更强。     

An economically based evaluation index for perennial and short‐term ryegrasses in New Zealand dairy farm systems

Grazed pastures based on ryegrass species provide most of the feed for dairy cattle in New Zealand. There are many cultivars of perennial (Lolium perenne), annual and Italian (L. multiflorum), and hybrid (L. boucheanum) ryegrasses available for dairy farmers to use in pasture renewal. This study describes an index which ranks ryegrass cultivars relative to a genetic base according to the estimated economic value (EV) of seasonal dry matter (DM) traits. A farm system model was used to derive EVs (Grazed pastures based on ryegrass species provide most of the feed for dairy cattle in New Zealand. There are many cultivars of perennial (Lolium perenne), annual and Italian (L. multiflorum), and hybrid (L. boucheanum) ryegrasses available for dairy farmers to use in pasture renewal. This study describes an index which ranks ryegrass cultivars relative to a genetic base according to the estimated economic value (EV) of seasonal dry matter (DM) traits. A farm system model was used to derive EVs ($ ha^?1 calculated as change in operating profit divided by unit change of the trait) for additional DM produced in different seasons of the year in four regions. The EV of early spring DM was consistently high across all regions, whereas EV for late spring DM was moderate to low. Genotype × environment analysis revealed significant reranking of DM yield among ryegrass cultivars across regions. Hence, separate performance values (PVs) were calculated for two mega‐environments and then combined with the corresponding season and region EV to calculate the overall EV for twenty‐three perennial ryegrass and fifteen short‐term ryegrass cultivars. The difference in operating profit between the highest ranked and lowest ranked perennial ryegrass cultivar ranged from $556 ha^?1 to $863 ha^?1 year^?1 depending on region. For short‐term ryegrasses used for winter feed, the corresponding range was $394 to $478 ha^?1 year^?1. Using PV for DM yield, it was estimated that plant improvement in perennial ryegrass has added $12–$18 ha^?1 year^?1 (depending on region) operating profit on dairy farms since the mid‐1960s.     

绿豆种质资源农艺性状的因子分析及综合评价

为合理利用绿豆种质资源,本研究以55份绿豆种质资源为材料,通过对其10个农艺性状进行因子分析及聚类分析。结果表明:10个农艺性状的变异系数为8.57%~47.19%,其中单株粒重变异系数最大,生育期变异系数最小。将10个农艺性状简化为结荚数因子、高度因子、粒数因子、粒重因子和生育期因子5个独立的主因子,该5个主因子可以反映原始信息的86.340%。经综合得分排序,评选出10份性状优良的绿豆种质资源。聚类分析将55份种质资源的10个数量性状分为3大类,类群I、类群II、类群III分别包括22份、7份、26份材料。结合综合评价和聚类分析认为,在黑龙江绿豆生产中,‘安绿8号’、‘佳木斯黄绿豆’、‘冀绿1号’可作为品种选育的改良亲本,也可大面积种植利用。     

Mapping and validation of the quantitative trait loci for leaf stay‐green‐associated parameters in maize

Functional stay‐green is generally regarded as a desirable trait of varieties in major crops including maize. In this study, we used an F_3:4 recombinant inbred line population with 165 lines from a cross between a stay‐green inbred line (Zheng58) and a model inbred line (B73) using 211 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers to map quantitative trait loci for three stay‐green‐associated parameters, chlorophyll content, photosystem II photochemical efficiency and stay‐green area, at maturity stage, detected a total of 23 quantitative trait loci (QTL) on nine chromosomes. Single QTL explained 3.7–13.5% of the phenotypic variance. Additionally, we validated some important stay‐green QTL using a heterogeneous inbred family approach and found that the stay‐green‐associated parameters were significantly correlated with the plant yield. This study may contribute to a better insight into the regulatory mechanism behind leaf stay‐green in maize and a novel development of elite maize varieties with delayed leaf senescence through molecular marker‐assisted selection.     

超高产大豆砧木对不同年代育成品种农艺性状的影响

以超高产大豆品种为砧木嫁接不同年代育成品种,旨在明确超高产品种砧木对农艺性状的影响,从而揭示根系改良在大豆育种中的重要作用。以来自相同的祖先亲本(Williams和Amsoy)且地理纬度相同的美国俄亥俄州和中国辽宁省不同年代育成的代表性大豆品种为接穗,分别与超高产大豆品种辽豆14和中黄35进行嫁接,成熟期测定植株农艺性状。结果表明:嫁接处理对大豆品种的农艺性状存在显著影响。自身嫁接的植株与不嫁接植株相比,其农艺性状没有显著变化。与品种自身作砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高产品种辽豆14或中黄35砧木上时,不同年代育成品种的株高、主茎节数、分枝数等性状没有显著变化,但单株荚数、百粒重、粒茎比和单株粒重会显著提高。其中,与品种自身作砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高产品种砧木上,共同亲本、俄亥俄中期、辽宁中期、俄亥俄当代、辽宁当代的大豆品种单株产量分别提高了4.5%、6.9%、9.4%、15.7%、19.9%。由此说明,根系改良会带来大豆品种产量的大幅度提高。     

东北大豆种质群体在克山的表现及其潜在的育种意义

东北是我国大豆的主要生态区,克山是东北北部重要产区。本研究于2012-2014年,以搜集到的东北地区各单位现存的361份大豆地方品种和育成品种作为东北现存的本地种质,观察该群体在克山地区的表现,研究其在克山的潜在育种意义。获得以下主要结果:(1)东北大豆种质群体平均表现为全生育期133 d(103.8~157.0 d)、蛋白质含量39.69%(35.6%~44.38%)、油脂含量20.58%(17.47%~22.84%)、蛋脂总量60.27%(54.00%~63.97%)、百粒重17.61 g(6.13~28.17 g)、株高约96 cm(54.92~146.8 cm)、主茎19节(11.23~25.83)、分枝2.75个(0.22~7.63)、倒伏2级左右(1.00~4.00);(2)当地适合熟期组为MG 0和MG I,各性状的平均值与群体平均相近,其它熟期组在当地的表现与之不同。MG 000和MG 00的生育天数集中在110~120 d,比当地无霜期早约10~20 d,不能充分利用当地的自然条件;而品质性状表现则略优于MG 0和MG I,特别是油脂含量和蛋脂总量分别高约1%、1.5%;株高、节数均低于MG 0和MG I,分别低约10~40 cm、2~8节。MG II的生育天数在当地高达150 d,不能稳定正常成熟,不适合当地种植;品质性状表现低于当地品种水平,特别是蛋白质、蛋脂总量均低约2%,油脂低约0.5%;而株高、节数高于当地品种,分别高约10 cm、2节,倒伏程度则高达3级。MG III在克山不能正常成熟,导致其它性状表达不正常,生长量和倒伏度增加;(3)根据各农艺品质性状在克山表现的遗传进度估计,虽然油脂和蛋白质含量相对小些,但均有一定的改良潜力。克山地区利用东北大豆资源育成了许多适于东北北部的优异品种,体现了东北种质的重要作用。根据当地品种的表现,从供试的东北资源中提出了各农艺、品质性状改良可用的亲本品种名单,供育种工作者参考。     

高致病性猪蓝耳病防控

随着人们生活方式的变化,养猪户也变得越来越多,不仅能为其带来更多的经济收入,也可提高其生活质量和水平。调查数据显示,很多养殖户在养猪中通常会因很多因素致使猪群感染疾病,倘若不能及时处理,势必会对自身带来较为严重的经济损失,甚至会加大疫病的扩散。该文主要对高致病性猪蓝耳病防控新理念展开分析,并提出一些可行的对策。